ACUS01 KWNS 130536
SWODY1
SPC AC 130534

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1234 AM CDT Mon Apr 13 2026

Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms are likely across the Upper Mississippi Valley
and Great Lakes region with potential for large to very large hail,
damaging wind, and tornadoes. A more conditional and isolated risk
for severe storms is possible across portions of the southern Plains
late this afternoon and evening.

...Synopsis...
Early-morning water-vapor imagery depicts an upper trough with
multiple embedded vorticity maxima over the Great Basin. While the
primary upper wave will remain over the West for today, a leading
impulse is forecast to eject towards the northern Plains and into
the Great Lakes through tonight. At the surface, a weak lee cyclone
over the central High Plains will migrate northeastward in tandem
with the upper impulse, likely reaching the southern MN vicinity by
early evening. As this occurs, a plume of mid-60s dewpoints will
spread north into the upper MS Valley along and south of a warm
front. Scattered thunderstorm development along and north of the
warm front is anticipated by late afternoon as forcing for ascent
gradually increases. Elsewhere, more isolated strong to severe
thunderstorms are possible across portions of TX and OK where deep
mixing along a dryline may result in sustained deep convection.

...Upper MS Valley...

A combination of shortwave ridging and capping at the base of an EML
will limit thunderstorm development through much of the day across
southern MN into central WI. This will allow for continued moisture
return as a warm front lifts into the region with MLCAPE values
forecast to reach 2000-2500 J/kg by around 21 UTC. Thunderstorm
development will become increasingly probable through the 21-00 UTC
period as isentropic ascent strengthens ahead of the approaching
upper disturbance. Lingering inhibition coupled with 45-50 knot
effective bulk shear should promote initially discrete supercells
along or just north of the surface boundary. Hodograph elongation
appears favorable for a large hail threat, possibly as large as 2-3
inches with the more robust cells. Additionally, enhanced low-level
SRH along the frontal zone may result in a corridor of relatively
higher tornado potential if convection can remain rooted along the boundary.

While the overall environment appears very favorable for intense
convection, east/northeasterly storm motions along or just north of
the warm front will likely promote storm advection towards the cool
side of the boundary and clustering/upscale growth through the
evening. This, combined with capping over the remainder of the warm
sector, limits confidence in a more widespread tornado threat, and
could modulate the potential for significant (2+ inch) hail within a
few hours after convective initiation. Nonetheless, a corridor of
higher hail potential remains evident in latest guidance along and
just north of the warm front where discrete supercells are most
probable. 30% hail probabilities have been shifted to reflect a
southward trend in frontal placement noted in most recent guidance.

...Southern Plains...

A moist and very unstable air mass will remain in place across TX
and OK today with MLCAPE values expected to increase to around 2500
J/kg by late afternoon. Ample diurnal heating/mixing on the western
periphery of the moisture plume will likely result in weak,
high-based convection by mid to late afternoon. Easterly storm
motions may promote downstream intensification as convection
migrates towards richer low-level moisture, but this will be
conditional on convection remaining sustained long enough to realize
the favorable thermodynamic environment. If this can occur,
deep-layer shear values on the order of 40 knots should promote
organized convection - likely in the form of supercells - with an
attendant threat for all hazards, including very large hail. While
both global and CAM ensemble guidance hint at this potential, the
lack of appreciable lifting mechanisms (aside from the dryline circulation/boundary-layer mixing) casts considerable uncertainty on
overall storm coverage.

..Moore/Wendt.. 04/13/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 171240
SWODY1
SPC AC 171239

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0739 AM CDT Fri Apr 17 2026

Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
THE UPPER AND MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY SOUTHWESTWARD INTO KANSAS AND OKLAHOMA...

...SUMMARY...
Numerous severe thunderstorms are likely this afternoon into tonight
across parts of the Upper Midwest southward across the lower
Missouri Valley into central Great Plains. Initially this may be
accompanied by a risk for large to giant hail and a few strong
tornadoes, before severe wind gusts 60 to 90 mph become the
most prominent hazard by this evening.

...Synopsis...
Surface analysis this morning depicts a front bisecting MN north to
south to a low near the NE-IA-SD border, with the front extending
southwestward into the central High Plains. Water-vapor imagery
shows a prominent upper trough near the MT-ND border
south-southwestward into eastern UT. A belt of increasingly strong southwesterly 500-mb flow will overspread a destabilizing warm
sector today as the upper trough eventually reaches the Upper
Midwest and central Great Plains late tonight. Concurrently, the aforementioned cyclone will develop northeast to Lake Superior as a
warm front over IA advances northward into the western Great Lakes.
Meanwhile, the cold front will sweep southeast reaching the central
Great Lakes southwestward into the southern Great Plains by early Saturday.

...Upper and Mid Mississippi Valley...

A northward expanding warm/moist sector on the nose of a 50+ kt
southerly LLJ will continue to destabilize as large-scale ascent
approaches from the west. A large-hail threat may develop this
morning with developing convection across southern MN (see
forthcoming MCD #472 for short-term details). Heating and advection
of 60s deg F surface dewpoints beneath steep mid-level lapse rates
will support the development of a moderately to very unstable
airmass from IA-IL northward into the upper MS Valley to the east of
the front and southeast of the low. Upwards of 1500-3000 J/kg
MLCAPE is forecast immediately ahead of the front with strengthening
flow aloft, strongly favoring organized storms, including
supercells. Recent model guidance continues to show the development
of discrete supercells later this afternoon ahead of the front over
parts of central/northern WI near the low, and farther south in the
vicinity of eastern IA into adjacent portions of WI/northwest IL.
All hazards will be possible with this potential activity, including
the possibility for an intense tornado. Large to giant hail will be
possible with supercells. Other storms likely to evolve quickly
into a band of severe thunderstorms will develop farther west and
push east coincident with the front. Damaging wind gusts will tend
to become more prevalent during the evening with linear storm modes.
Some tornado risk may continue into the evening as maturing bands of
storms yield a threat for bowing segments and embedded mesovortices,
before this activity gradually diminishes late as it moves east into
IN/Lower MI late.

...KS-OK eastward into the lower MO Valley...

Continued moistening and heating of an airmass to the east of a
dryline/cold front and associated triple point will lead to a very
unstable airmass from OK into KS by early to mid afternoon. A
capping inversion will likely inhibit storm development until mid
afternoon near the front. Initial storm development will likely be supercellular near the triple point before a more extensive band of
cellular storms develops along the boundary. Both a supercell and
QLCS tornado risk is apparent given the appreciably large
CAPE/shear. A coalescing of cold pools and intensification of a
squall line with embedded surges and bowing segments may result in
focused swaths of more intense severe gusts (i.e., locally 75-90
mph) from south-central and eastern KS into west-central MO.
Farther south, a more conditional setup south of the triple point
along the dryline is expected. Large to giant hail could accompany
any mature/sustained supercell along with a tornado risk.
Eventually the front will sweep southeastward with a convective line
yielding a risk for wind/hail.

..Smith/Dean.. 04/17/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 231251
SWODY1
SPC AC 231250

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0750 AM CDT Thu Apr 23 2026

Valid 231300Z - 241200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATER THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING FOR EASTERN KANSAS INTO EXTREME NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms are expected to develop this afternoon and
evening from the southern and central Plains into the lower to mid
Missouri Valley, and upper Mississippi Valley. Tornadoes, large hail
and severe wind gusts will be possible.

...MN/IA to KS/northern OK this afternoon into tonight...

The interaction of a southeastward moving midlevel trough over
southern BC/AB and a northeastward moving trough over the western
Dakotas will lead to the formation of a deep closed low over
southern SK. An associated, occluding surface cyclone will weaken
across southern MB by this evening, as a trailing cold front moves
across MN/IA/KS/MO and northern OK. Low-level moisture will spread
northward across IA/MN in advance of the cold front, beneath the
northeast edge of an elevated mixed layer. Surface heating and the
degree of buoyancy may be limited by extensive clouds from IA into
MN, and forecast wind profiles show complex/messy hodographs
structures (stronger low-level shear lingering across IA). Mixed
convective modes are expected along and ahead of the front this
afternoon, which could produce occasional wind damage, large hail
and perhaps a couple of tornadoes.

The more substantial severe threat is expected late this afternoon
through late evening from eastern KS into far northern OK, near and
just northeast of a cold front/dryline triple point and weak
secondary cyclone. A midlevel speed max near the Four Corners will
progress eastward to the TX Panhandle by this evening, with ascent
in the left exit region of the jet coincident with the triple point
near or just north of the KS/OK border. An influx of mid 60s
boundary-layer dewpoints beneath steep midlevel lapse rates will
contribute to MLCAPE of 2000-3000 J/kg, with weakening convective
inhibition across KS by mid afternoon.

Storm development is expected along the cold front in KS by mid
afternoon, with storms expected to develop southward to near the
triple point. The large buoyancy, steep midlevel lapse rates and
deep-layer shear sufficient for supercells will favor very large
hail (2-3 inches in diameter) with the initial/more discrete storms.
The tornado threat will peak this evening as low-level
shear/hodograph curvature increase near the KS/OK border - there
will be strong tornado potential with the anchor/southern supercells
near the triple point. Upscale storm growth and cold pool
development will favor a more linear convective mode with occasional
wind damage as the outflow/effective cold front spreads
southeastward into northeast OK and southwest MO overnight.

...OK dryline this evening...

Storm development along the dryline in OK is uncertain late this afternoon/evening. Forecast soundings suggest that the degree of
surface heating/mixing along the dryline and residence time in the
dryline circulation will be close to supporting deep convection. If
storms do form, the environment will conditionally favor very large
hail initially, and the possibility of an evening tornado threat
with any sustained storm.

..Thompson/Bentley.. 04/23/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 241232
SWODY1
SPC AC 241230

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0730 AM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026

Valid 241300Z - 251200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA AND THE ARKLATEX...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected today from parts of the
southern Plains into the ArkLaTex and lower Mississippi Valley.
Large hail, damaging winds, and a few tornadoes will be possible.
The greatest threat for supercells with very large hail (2+ inches)
should focus across parts of southeast Oklahoma into the ArkLaTex.

...Southern Plains into the ArkLaTex/Lower Mississippi Valley...

A band of mainly sub-severe thunderstorms ongoing this morning from
eastern OK into AR and southern MO is being aided by southwesterly
warm/moist advection at low levels. With time, this forcing should
weaken, and a decrease in convective intensity should continue
through late morning. Outflow from this convection is forecast to
extend from south-central/southeast OK into AR this afternoon, and
should serve as a focus for additional robust thunderstorms later
today. Daytime heating of a moist airmass already present across
much of the southern Plains into the ArkLaTex and lower MS Valley
will aid in the development of moderate to strong instability by mid
afternoon along/south of the residual outflow and east of a surface
dryline extending from northeast to south-central TX. The greatest
instability should exist across southeast OK/northeast TX, where
steep mid-level lapse rates will likely still exist. A weak surface
low should also be in place across northeast TX by mid to late afternoon.

Large-scale forcing aloft will remain fairly nebulous/weak across
the southern Plains this afternoon, as a prominent/closed
upper-level low remains centered over south-central Canada. Still,
multiple robust thunderstorms should develop by 19-22Z across
southeast OK along/near the residual outflow boundary as MLCIN
becomes minimal with robust diurnal heating, and as westerly
mid/upper-level flow modestly strengthens across the ArkLaTex
through early evening. This convection will become organized and
likely supercellular given the presence of around 30-40 kt of
deep-layer shear. Large to very large hail (potentially up to
1.5-2.5 inches in diameter) should be the main threat with these
cells initially. Lower confidence in convective initiation exists
with southwestward extent along the dryline in TX, but at least a conditional/low threat for severe hail remains apparent.

With time, some clustering may occur with an increased damaging wind
threat as convection spreads east-southeastward across the ArkLaTex
through the evening. One or more clusters may also redevelop along
the outflow from ongoing convection across the lower MS Valley this
afternoon, with a threat for mainly scattered damaging winds.
Low-level flow is not forecast to be overly strong (15-25 kt at 850
mb), but ample instability and the presence of locally backed
near-surface winds near the outflow boundary may support enough 0-1
km SRH for a few tornadoes, especially across southeast OK into the
ArkLaTex with any persistent supercells. An Enhanced Risk has been
introduced across this region given increased confidence in multiple
supercells with significant severe hail potential developing through
the afternoon/evening.

...Great Lakes/Ohio Valley...

A weak mid-level shortwave trough will move northeastward across the
Midwest and Upper Great Lakes today. Convection ahead of a cold
front has generally weakened this morning across the mid MS Valley.
Modest low-level moisture is forecast to continue advancing
northward through the day ahead of the front, supporting weak
instability with filtered daytime heating. Loosely organized
clusters/cells that develop this afternoon may pose an isolated
threat for damaging winds as they move northeastward this
afternoon/evening.

..Gleason/Thompson.. 04/24/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 281202
SWODY1
SPC AC 281200

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0700 AM CDT Tue Apr 28 2026

Valid 281300Z - 291200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND MID-SOUTH...

...SUMMARY...
Multiple rounds of severe thunderstorms will occur across parts of
the southern Plains into the lower Mississippi/Tennessee Valleys and
Southeast through this evening. Very large to giant hail (2-4+
inches), swaths of severe/damaging winds, and a few tornadoes are
all possible.

...Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley/Southeast...

With large-scale upper troughing anchored over the Plains and
central Canada, an embedded mid-level shortwave trough will eject
eastward across the southern/central Plains to the lower/mid MS
Valleys by this evening. Rich low-level moisture continues to spread
northward from TX into southern OK this morning in tandem with a
low-level jet, and this trend should continue downstream into the
lower MS Valley through the day as a warm front lifts northward to a
weak surface low across the Ozarks. Another surface low will remain
over northwest TX, with a dryline extending southwestward to the Big
Bend region.

A strongly unstable airmass exists across the southern Plains to the
ArkLaTex, along and near a slowly retreating/northward-returning
warm front. Elevated supercells are ongoing across western north TX.
This activity is being aided by lift and strong deep-layer shear
associated with the ejecting mid-level shortwave trough, and
low-level warm/moist advection. Current expectations are for these
supercells to continue posing a threat for mainly large to very
large hail through the rest of the morning as they spread
east-northeastward across north TX/southern OK. But, eventual
clustering and a greater damaging wind threat may materialize into
the afternoon as this convection crosses the front and accesses
greater instability across AR and the Ozarks.

Additional surface-based convective development is forecast near the
triple point in north-central TX towards the ArkLaTex this
afternoon, where extreme instability (4000+ J/kg MLCAPE) and very
strong deep-layer shear (50-60+ kt) will support the potential for
multiple intense supercells. Very large to giant hail (2-4+ inches)
may occur with the strongest supercells given the overall very
favorable environment and presence of steep mid-level lapse rates.
Some tornado threat may also exist with these supercells, even
though low-level shear is not forecast to be overly strong.

Numerous to widespread convection across the Mid-South to southern
Appalachians has generally diminished in intensity this morning. In
its wake, airmass recovery is anticipated today across the lower MS
Valley and Mid-South. A convectively reinforced front/outflow
boundary from the morning thunderstorms should attempt to lift
northward some through the day, with the greater instability
forecast across the lower MS Valley where steep mid-level lapse
rates are in place. Convective evolution across these areas through
the evening remains unclear, but multiple rounds of supercells and
multicell clusters capable of producing large hail, scattered to
numerous damaging winds, and perhaps a few tornadoes appear likely.
Less instability is forecast to the north of the ongoing convection
across the TN Valley, but some airmass recovery and severe threat
still appears possible by late afternoon/early evening.

..Gleason/Jewell.. 04/28/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 061243
SWODY1
SPC AC 061242

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0742 AM CDT Wed May 06 2026

Valid 061300Z - 071200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
OF NORTHERN LOUISIANA...CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...AND CENTRAL ALABAMA...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE WESTERN
TEXAS HILL COUNTRY...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon and
evening from eastern Texas into the lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys/southern Appalachians. Supercells capable of all hazards
will be possible across portions of central Mississippi and Alabama
before a shift to a more of a damaging wind risk into the late evening/overnight.

...Synopsis...
Early-morning satellite imagery shows a pair of phased shortwave
troughs, one in the northern stream moving southward into UT/CO and
the other in southern stream off the southern CA/northern Baja
coast. Strong, confluent flow aloft exists downstream of these
shortwaves, with an extensive fetch of moderate to strong
southwesterly flow extending from northern Mexico into the
Northeast. A general deepening of the upper troughing is anticipated
throughout the day as the northern-stream shortwave continues
southeastward while the southern-stream shortwave moves gradually
eastward. This evolution will result in strengthening mid to upper
level flow from the southern Plain into New England, particularly
from the Lower MO Valley through the OH Valley where 500 mb flow
could exceed 100 kt. This evolution will also push a cold front,
which currently extends from the TX Hill Country into western PA,
farther south.

There will be some displacement between the strongest flow aloft and
the more warm and moist conditions south of the front. However,
even with this displacement, moderate to strong upper/mid flow is
still expected across much of the southern Plains and Southeast.
Strong to severe thunderstorms are still expected along and ahead of
this cold front from the TX Hill Country through the Southeast and
into the Carolinas. Highest coverage of severe thunderstorms will be
from central MS into central AL, where supercells capable of all
hazards will be possible.

...East TX/Lower MS Valley into the Southeast...

Recent surface analysis placed the cold front from near JCT in the
TX Hill Country northeastward through the Arklatex, northern MS, and
western TN. A weak low exists along this boundary over the western
AR/LA vicinity. 70s dewpoints extend from south TX across LA into
far western MS and southern AR, with upper 60s dewpoints through
much of MS. Low-level moisture advection is expected to continue
throughout the day, with mid 70s dewpoints possible from central LA
into central MS by the afternoon. This increasing moisture amid
filtered daytime heating will result in strong buoyancy ahead of the
front (i.e. 2500 J/kg of MLCAPE), despite poor mid-level lapse
rates. Also, as mentioned in the synopsis, strong deep-layer shear
will be in place, resulting in an overall airmass that supports supercells.

However, whether discrete supercells can develop and mature remains
uncertain. A combination of neutral height tendencies, widespread
cloud cover, and warm-air advection initiated storms will likely
lead to complex convective evolution and related storm interactions.
Majority of the convection-allowing guidance develops
thunderstorms within the warm sector from northern LA into central
MS by 18Z. Thunderstorm development is possible along the front from
northern AL into northern LA around this time as well. Large to very
large hail will be the primary risk with these storms, although
there is also a risk for tornadoes if a storm can remain discrete.
The tornado risk is expected to increase from the late afternoon
through the evening from central MS into central AL as low-level
hodographs lengthen in response to strengthening low-level flow.
Environmental conditions support the potential for a strong tornado
during this timeframe. Whether or not storms can realize this
increasing low-level shear will largely be a function of storm mode.
Storms should eventually begin to cluster and to grow upscale, with
an increasing damaging wind threat continuing downstream into
portions of southern Alabama and central/southern Georgia.

The front will continue slowly southward, and the very moist
environment could support additional warm sector storms throughout
much of the evening and overnight, supporting a continued risk for
all severe hazards. Several rounds of elevated storms are possible
as well, with hail as the primary risk with these storms.

...TX Hill Country into southeast TX...

A pair of supercells capable of large hail are currently ongoing
across southwest TX (Crockett and Sutton Counties). Environmental
conditions are favorable for storm maintenance for at least an hour
or two before northward displacement from the better buoyancy leads
to weakening. Additional isolated development is possible farther
east into central and southeast TX during the afternoon and evening.
Any storms that mature would likely be supercellular and capable of
producing severe hail and damaging wind gusts.

..Mosier/Dean.. 05/06/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 102000
SWODY1
SPC AC 101958

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0258 PM CDT Sun May 10 2026

Valid 102000Z - 111200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF WESTERN/CENTRAL TEXAS...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered large hail (some 2+ inches) and numerous severe/damaging
wind gusts (isolated 75+ mph) are expected this afternoon/evening
across parts of west-central to central Texas. A couple of tornadoes
also appear possible across parts of west-central Texas along/near a front.

...20z Update...
The previous forecast remains largely on track with only minor
adjustments required based on recent observed trends. The
convectively reinforced cold front across northwest TX continues to
surge south faster than anticipated by morning guidance.
Nonetheless, elevated supercell development is ongoing immediately
north of the boundary where MUCAPE was recently analyzed near 2000
J/kg. Consequently, severe hail probabilities (and the ENH
categorical bounds) have largely been left in place with only a
southward reduction in the wind and tornado probabilities based on
the expected 20 UTC frontal position.

Across central to southern TX, recent HRRR/RRFS time-lagged
ensembles depict the potential for 75+ mph winds across the
Austin/San Antonio region and southward into south TX late tonight.
This signal appears reasonable given the expected evolution of the
eventual MCS and downstream environment (both sampled by recent
ACARS soundings and forecast by short-range guidance). The 15% wind
and Intensity Level 1 contours have been expanded south to address
this potential.

Across northeast TX, the remnants of an early-morning MCS have
transitioned into a single organized supercell that has begun
weakening over the past 20-30 minutes. However, attempts at new
convective development are noted along the outflow boundary to the
south of the decaying supercell. With temperatures in the mid 80s
along/south of the boundary, lingering inhibition should be
minimized and may allow for additional strong/severe thunderstorms
through early evening with an attendant threat for severe hail/wind.

Elsewhere, the forecast remains on track. See the previous
discussion below and MCDs 693, 694, and 695 for additional
short-term details.

..Moore.. 05/10/2026

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1138 AM CDT Sun May 10 2026/

...Texas into the ArkLaTex/Lower Mississippi Valley...

Severe potential today will be complicated by ongoing thunderstorms
along/near the Red River and a convectively reinforced outflow
boundary across the ArkLaTex/lower MS Valley. In general, a
favorable setup for scattered to numerous severe/damaging winds
remains apparent this afternoon/evening across parts of west-central
into north TX to the south of current convective activity, along
with the potential for large to very large hail and perhaps a couple
of tornadoes with initial supercells that may develop.

Recent surface analysis shows a low over northwest TX, with a
dryline extending southward to the Big Bend region. A cold front
arcing northeastward from the low across western north TX into
southern OK and western/northern AR will likely serve as a focus for
additional robust thunderstorm development this afternoon. The
observed 12Z FWD sounding sampled the pre-convective airmass well,
with steep mid-level lapse rates atop a rather moist low-level
airmass aiding MUCAPE around 2500 J/kg.

There is some uncertainty regarding airmass recovery with eastward
extent towards the ArkLaTex given a notable outflow boundary from
earlier convection noted on latest visible satellite imagery
extending from north-central to east-central TX. Still, this
boundary seems to have stalled recently, with mostly clear skies to
its north across northeast TX ahead of ongoing thunderstorms in
north-central TX. Current expectations are for moderate to strong
instability to develop this afternoon as diurnal heating occurs
across west-central to north TX, with the greatest instability
focused south of the cold front/outflow and east of the dryline.

Stronger west-northwesterly mid-level flow associated with a southeastward-moving shortwave trough may tend to remain displaced
along and slightly to the north of the cold front through the day.
Still, sufficient overlap of modestly enhanced mid-level winds and
related deep-layer shear is forecast across the northern portions of
the warm sector in TX. This shear should support some supercells
with initial development, particularly across parts of west-central
into north-central TX. Large to isolated very large hail (2+ inches)
may occur with these supercells, before convection quickly grows
upscale into an intense bowing cluster. A narrow zone of tornado
potential is also apparent with the supercells across parts of
west-central TX near the sagging front, where low-level shear will
be locally enhanced by east-northeasterly near-surface winds.

Scattered to numerous severe/damaging winds are expected across much
of central TX after this mode transition occurs. With ample
instability and a highly organized cold pool expected, some of these
gusts could exceed 75 mph on a localized basis. The severe/damaging
wind threat should continue through the evening as the bowing
cluster spreads south-southeastward across much of TX. Eventual
weakening is forecast late tonight into early Monday morning,
although at least an isolated damaging wind threat may persist into south/coastal TX through the end of the period.

Lower confidence in organized severe potential exists with eastward
extent into the ArkLaTex and lower MS Valley, as ongoing cloud cover
and outflow from earlier convection may inhibit diurnal heating and
the development of any more than weak instability this afternoon.
Still, some chance for redevelopment remains apparent along/east of
the cold front, so severe hail/wind probabilities have been
maintained with adjustments based on current observations and latest
short-term guidance.

...Central New Mexico into Far West Texas...

Low-level orographic ascent with the surging cold front should
support isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms developing across
central NM into parts of far west TX this afternoon and evening.
Cool temperatures aloft will aid in the development of weak
instability, even with limited low-level moisture. Around 30-35 kt
of effective bulk shear should foster organized updrafts, with the
strongest cores capable of producing isolated hail and occasional severe/damaging winds.

...Florida...

Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms should develop along the
stalled front this afternoon across the northern FL Peninsula, and
southward along the Atlantic Coast sea breeze. Diurnal heating of a
moist low-level airmass, with MLCAPE up to 1500-2000 J/kg, should
support water-loaded downdrafts capable of producing locally
damaging winds. Sufficient deep-layer shear may also foster
sufficient updraft organization for isolated hail with the more
robust cores.

...Mid-Atlantic...

Strong to locally damaging winds may occur with high-based
convection that forms on the Appalachians/Blue Ridge this afternoon
and subsequently spreads east-northeastward along/ahead of a cold
front. While instability will remain weak, a deeply mixed boundary
layer should encourage gusty downdraft winds to reach the surface in
a narrow corridor where a Marginal Risk has been introduced.

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Project Scorpio TEST (618:250/6)

ACUS01 KWNS 151250
SWODY1
SPC AC 151248

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0748 AM CDT Fri May 15 2026

Valid 151300Z - 161200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS MUCH OF IOWA...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms capable of producing severe/damaging winds and
large to very large hail are likely late this afternoon and evening
across much of Iowa and vicinity. Isolated to scattered severe hail
and damaging winds are possible over a broader area from parts of
the southern High Plains to the Upper Midwest.

...Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...

Generally zonal/westerly mid-level flow will persist over the
northern tier of the U.S. today, with an upper trough/low moving
slowly eastward over central Canada. At the surface, the primary low
will remain in northern Ontario, with a trailing cold front
extending southward into the Upper Midwest and northern/central
Plains. A secondary surface low will likely exist over southwest
KS/northwest OK by peak afternoon heating. A dryline will extend
southward from this low across much of the southern High Plains.

Current expectations are for robust thunderstorm development along
the cold front/surface trough from eastern NE into IA to be delayed
until late afternoon or early evening (around 22-00Z), as
large-scale ascent will remain weak until a low-amplitude shortwave
trough embedded within the westerly mid-level flow eventually
overspreads the surface warm sector. Continued low-level warm/moist
advection through the day and diurnal heating will contribute to the development of moderate to locally strong instability across this
region by early evening. While low-level winds are forecast to
remain fairly modest, enhanced mid/upper-level flow will support
sufficient deep-layer shear for updraft organization.

Initial supercells should pose a threat for large to isolated very
large hail (2+ inches in diameter), before likely quick upscale
growth this evening across IA supports a risk for mainly scattered severe/damaging winds. Some of these gusts could exceed 75 mph on a
localized basis given the expectation for an organized cluster and
ample instability. A tornado or two could also occur this evening as
low-level shear gradually increases with a strengthening low-level
jet. Some adjustments have been made to the Slight and Enhanced Risk
areas based on latest observational trends and short-term guidance.
Namely, the Slight Risk has been extended northward into parts of
southeast MN/southwest WI, where some risk for hail-producing
supercells should exist along/ahead of the front. The Enhanced Risk
has also been expanded to include more of western IA, as multiple
supercells may form and eventually congeal into one or more bowing
clusters through the evening.

...Southern High Plains...

Robust daytime heating will yield a very well-mixed/deep boundary
layer near/south of the secondary surface low over southwest KS and
vicinity. Mid-level temperatures will remain cool enough to support
at least weak instability, even with modest low-level
moisture/surface dewpoints. A weak mid-level shortwave trough moving
from the southern Rockies into the southern High Plains will enhance large-scale ascent late in the day. This should support the
development of high-based thunderstorms, with occasional strong to
severe wind gusts expected. Isolated gusts of 75+ mph may occur
given the very deeply mixed boundary layer extending up to around
500 mb. Cells that develop in west/southwest TX may contain marginal
hail, with elongated hodographs in mid/upper levels.

..Gleason/Bentley.. 05/15/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 161249
SWODY1
SPC AC 161248

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0748 AM CDT Sat May 16 2026

Valid 161300Z - 171200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE OHIO VALLEY...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms capable of producing large to very large hail, severe/damaging winds (some 75+ mph), and a few tornadoes should
occur this afternoon and evening across parts of the central Plains into Iowa.

...Synopsis...
Large-scale upper troughing will gradually amplify over the western
CONUS today, while modestly enhanced west-southwesterly mid-level
flow persists over the southern/central Plains. A separate
mid/upper-level trough with strong westerly mid-level jet will move
eastward across the Great Lakes and Ontario/Quebec through the day,
while remaining generally displaced to the north of the surface warm
sector. At the surface, a weak low over the southern High Plains
this morning should reform over the central High Plains of eastern
CO by late afternoon, as large-scale ascent preceding the western
CONUS upper trough gradually overspreads this region. Greater
low-level moisture will remain confined along/south of a
convectively reinforced front from NE/IA into the southern Great
Lakes region. A dryline will extend southward from this boundary
across the southern/central High Plains.

...Central High Plains to Iowa...

High-based thunderstorms that initially develop across the higher
terrain of central CO this afternoon will eventually encounter a
more unstable airmass in eastern CO/western KS, as low-level
moisture gradually increases in the bent back region to the
north/northwest of the surface low. An increase in convective
coverage and intensity is anticipated as this activity spreads
eastward across the central High Plains late this afternoon and
evening, aided by at least moderate instability and deep-layer
shear. While some supercell potential will exist, along with a
threat for large to isolated very large hail, most guidance
continues to suggest that an intense bowing cluster will develop and
spread eastward along/near the surface boundary across southern
NE/northern KS through the evening. A greater threat for severe
winds, some of which could be significant (75+ mph), remains
apparent, as steep low/mid-level lapse rates aid in efficient
downward momentum transfer within the convective cluster. A modest
expansion has been made to the Enhanced Risk to account for the
potential of a slightly larger cluster.

A separate area of robust convective development should also occur
farther east this afternoon/evening across parts of IA and vicinity
along/near the surface front. This activity will likely be aided by strengthening low-level warm advection this evening, and it may
persist through much of the night. The presence of steep mid-level
lapse rates, increasing low-level moisture, and daytime heating all
suggest that moderate to locally strong instability will likely be
in place by late afternoon along/south of the front. While westerly
mid-level flow should only be modestly enhanced, sufficient
deep-layer shear is forecast to support supercells initially. Large
to very large hail (isolated 2+ inches) appears possible within the
first couple hours of initiation, before thunderstorm
mergers/interactions occur and the overall mode becomes messy. Some
increase in the severe/damaging wind threat may develop if a more
organized cluster can emerge and spread east-southeastward through
the evening and early overnight hours. A few tornadoes also appear
possible through the evening with any sustained supercells. This
potential should remain focused along/near the front where backed
low-level easterly winds may locally enhance 0-1 km SRH.

...Southern High Plains...

Isolated thunderstorms may initiate this afternoon along the surface
dryline from southwest KS into the eastern OK/TX Panhandles and
western OK. While deep-layer shear will be weaker with southward
extent across the southern High Plains, a narrow zone of minimal
MLCIN along/east of the dryline may support isolated convection
capable of producing both locally severe hail and wind gusts.

...Mid Mississippi Valley into the Midwest/Ohio Valley...

Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are ongoing this morning from
central MO into the Midwest/OH Valley. This convection is likely
being aided by warm/moist advection associated with a
west-southwesterly low-level jet. While instability remains fairly
limited at the moment, some potential for occasional gusty winds and
marginally severe hail should continue through the late morning with
this activity. Greater destabilization is forecast along/south of
this ongoing convection across the lower OH Valley this afternoon.
One or more convectively enhanced MCVs may aid robust thunderstorm
development across parts of western/central KY, with a threat for
scattered damaging winds and isolated severe hail. A brief tornado
or two also appears possible. A Slight Risk has been introduced
across this area where a more focused risk for damaging winds has
become apparent in short-term guidance.

..Gleason/Bentley.. 05/16/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 171252
SWODY1
SPC AC 171250

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0750 AM CDT Sun May 17 2026

Valid 171300Z - 181200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND MID MISSOURI VALLEY...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms are expected this afternoon into tonight across
parts of the southern/central Plains to the Upper Midwest.
Supercells with very large hail and strong tornadoes are possible
initially this afternoon, before one or more bowing clusters leads
to a greater threat for severe/damaging winds this evening.

...Synopsis...
Large-scale upper troughing over the western CONUS should further
amplify today as an embedded mid-level jet and associated shortwave
trough move from the West Coast to the Four Corners region through
the period. A broad zone of around 40-50 kt southwesterly mid-level
flow will persist today from the southern/central High Plains to the
Upper Midwest, with multiple small-scale perturbations forecast to
advance northeastward across these regions. At the surface, a low
over western KS this morning is expected to gradually develop
northeastward towards the KS/NE border vicinity this evening. A
dryline trailing from this low will mix eastward through late
afternoon peak heating across the southern/central High Plains. A
warm front will attempt to lift northward today across NE/IA into
southeast SD and parts of southern MN, while a cold front is
forecast to gradually advance southeastward across the
northern/central Plains through the period.

...Southern/Central Plains into the Upper Midwest...

Initial thunderstorm development appears likely across eastern CO
this afternoon in a low-level upslope flow regime. This activity
will likely become supercellular and capable of producing large to
very large hail given the presence of steep mid-level lapse rates,
strong deep-layer shear, and moderate instability. By 20-22Z,
additional robust convection is expected to develop along/near the
cold front across north-central NE/south-central SD in a rapidly
destabilizing airmass. There is still some uncertainty with how far
north the warm front and related rich low-level moisture will reach
across the northern Plains/Upper Midwest, especially given ongoing
convection and related outflow this morning across NE/IA.

Still, an increasing large hail threat remains evident with any
convection that develops along/near the cold front this afternoon,
as ample MUCAPE and strong deep-layer shear will support organized
updrafts, including supercells initially. A strong tornado threat
will exist with any of these supercells that can become/remain
surface based, as low-level shear strengthens through the late
afternoon/early evening. A greater threat for severe/damaging winds
should develop as convection quickly grows upscale into bowing
clusters this evening. The northeastward extent of this severe wind
threat remains a bit uncertain, especially into southern/central MN
where the warm front is forecast to reach. A risk for embedded QLCS
tornadoes may continue with the surface-based portion of the cluster.

Thunderstorm initiation farther south along the length of the
dryline appears somewhat conditional given modest large-scale
ascent. But, most guidance continues to show at least isolated
high-based convection developing by late afternoon across parts of north-central KS southward into the eastern TX Panhandle/western OK.
Any thunderstorms which can be sustained will pose a threat for
large to very large hail and tornadoes, especially across KS where a
40-50 kt southerly low-level jet will enhance 0-1 km shear. A strong
tornado appears possible this evening with any supercell that can
persist, although there should be a tendency for upscale growth into
a severe wind producing cluster with time as the cold front
overtakes the dryline.

...Great Lakes/Lower Michigan...

Recent radar and visible satellite imagery show an MCV associated
with earlier convection across the central Plains is present over IA
this morning. This feature is forecast to track east-northeastward
today, and should approach eastern WI and Lower MI by late
afternoon/early evening. Modest enhancement to the low/mid-level
wind field should exist in close proximity to this MCV, and the
surface warm front is expected to gradually develop northward across
these regions through the day. Some intensification of convection is
possible this afternoon/evening along and near the warm front, with
sufficient instability and shear to support a mix of supercells and
multicell clusters capable of producing damaging winds, hail, and
perhaps a tornado. A Slight Risk has been added for parts of Lower
MI given increased confidence in this scenario occurring.

...Southeast...

On the western periphery of a surface high centered over the western
Atlantic, diurnally maximized thunderstorm development should focus
from the southern Appalachians across GA and the interior/western FL
Peninsula. Even though deep-layer shear will remain weak, a
favorable thermodynamic environment with steepened low-level lapse
rates should support strong to pulse-severe type convection capable
of producing isolated wind damage/downbursts and perhaps marginally
severe hail.

...Central and North Texas/ArkLaTex/Lower Mississippi Valley...

A fairly robust cap is expected to remain across the southern extent
of the warm sector today, with minimal/nebulous large-scale ascent
over the southern Plains. Still, some guidance suggests elevated
thunderstorms may develop through peak afternoon heating across
parts of northeast TX into the ArkLaTex/lower MS Valley in a
persistent low-level warm advection regime. If this occurs, then
isolated severe hail and damaging winds would be possible given the
strong MUCAPE forecast.

...Mid-Atlantic...

Mid-level ridging should build over the Mid-Atlantic through the
afternoon, which should tend to suppress most convection. However, a
weak mid-level perturbation noted in water vapor imagery this
morning over OH may support isolated convective development this
afternoon across parts of MD/PA and vicinity. The overall
environment does not appear overly favorable for organized severe thunderstorms, but gusty winds could occur with any of the stronger
cores that may develop.

..Gleason/Marsh.. 05/17/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 071206
SWODY1
SPC AC 071204

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0704 AM CDT Sun Jun 07 2026

Valid 071300Z - 081200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
SOUTHEAST MONTANA...NORTHEAST WYOMING...AND THE WESTERN DAKOTAS THIS
AFTERNOON AND EVENING....

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms with damaging wind gusts, large hail, and an
isolated tornado threat are expected this afternoon and evening
across parts of the northern Plains. An isolated threat for
tornadoes and severe wind gusts will be possible across the Ozarks
region. Strong wind gusts will also be possible in the mid
Mississippi Valley and in the Mid-Atlantic.

...MT/WY/Dakotas...

A strong upper trough currently over the northern Great Basin will
translate eastward today, with large scale forcing for ascent
overspreading much of the northern High Plains region. This will
aid cyclogenesis over eastern WY and focus a surface cold front from south-central WY into northwest ND. Thunderstorms are expected to
form by mid-afternoon off the BigHorn mountains and build eastward
across southeast MT. While this environment will be post-frontal,
Relatively steep low-level lapse rates and moderate CAPE values will
support a risk of large hail and damaging winds.
Most CAM solutions suggest thunderstorms will become more numerous
and intense as they spread into western SD this evening, maintaining
support of the ENH risk area.

...Ozarks...

A weak cut-off low continues to drift northeastward across OK this
morning. An associated band of 30-40 knot southwesterly mid-level
winds and deep moisture will lie across the Ozark plateau today,
where scattered thunderstorms are expected through the period.
Parameters are rather weak across this region, but there will be
some risk of locally damaging wind gusts or a tornado this
afternoon/evening if pockets of daytime heating can occur.

...Eastern VA/NC...

A weak surface cold front is sagging southward across central VA
this morning. A combination of strong heating and frontal forcing
will lead to widely scattered thunderstorms this afternoon across
southeast VA and northeast NC. The strongest of these cells could
produce gusty winds.

..Hart/Wendt.. 06/07/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 091300
SWODY1
SPC AC 091259

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0759 AM CDT Tue Jun 09 2026

Valid 091300Z - 101200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
NORTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS...

...SUMMARY...
Numerous severe thunderstorms with a potential for 60-80 mph winds
with locally higher gusts, along with tornadoes (some potentially
strong), and large to very large hail are expected across the
northern and central Plains this afternoon and tonight. Severe wind
gusts and large hail will also be possible from north-central and
west-central Kansas southwestward into the Texas Panhandle.

...Central and Northern Plains...

A prominent upper trough will shift east-northeastward from the
northern Rockies toward the northern High Plains and Canadian
Prairies through tonight, with height falls overspreading much of
the northern/central Plains toward the Upper Midwest. This will be
atop a moist airmass near/east of a dryline/front located from far
western North Dakota southward into western Nebraska. Warm sector
surface dewpoints will be in the upper 60s and lower 70s F.

Thunderstorms are expected to form near the front/dryline by
mid/late afternoon, initially spanning the west-central Dakotas
southward into western Nebraska. Some semi-discrete storms including
supercells may also form farther east within the warm sector,
enhanced as the mid-level jet phases with a significantly
strengthening low-level jet primarily focused across eastern North Dakota/northeast South Dakota. Aside from large hail, a few
tornadoes are expected, some of which could be strong especially
during the early/mid-afternoon hours. Over time and farther west,
strong low-level convergence near the instability axis will result
in a relatively rapid transition to linear mode with multiple linear clusters/possible MCS expected to develop by evening. The severe MCS
will move eastward across the central and eastern Dakotas, with
damaging wind and some hail/tornado potential continuing eastward
tonight toward Minnesota/part of Iowa.

Aside from North Dakota/northern South Dakota and northwest
Minnesota, another supercell/tornado-favorable zone could
materialize by evening farther southeast from southeast South Dakota
into eastern Nebraska and western Iowa/southwest Minnesota.
Mid-level temperatures will be a bit warmer and storm
coverage/certainty will likely be lesser across this region.
However, a rather favorable and potentially volatile environment
will exist as a secondary low-level jet branch increases and
interfaces with an effective warm frontal zone this evening, with
initial intense supercells plausible if/where storms develop.

...Western and central Kansas and Texas and Oklahoma Panhandles...

Higher-based storms are expected to develop regionally by late
afternoon/early evening with moderate buoyancy and very steep lapse
rates favorable for large hail and severe-caliber wind gusts, some
of which could be significant.

...Middle Mississippi Valley/Lower Ohio Valley...

As a byproduct of several decayed MCS, multiple MCVs will are
expected to drift east-southeastward across the region today and
interface with a moist/unstable environment influenced by outflow
and differential heating. A rejuvenated round of severe storms is
expected by mid/late afternoon, and some supercells are plausible if MCV-related mid-level flow diurnally persists. Multicells capable of
damaging winds are the most probable hazard, but some
supercell-related tornado potential may also exist.

..Guyer/Wendt.. 06/09/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 131255
SWODY1
SPC AC 131253

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0753 AM CDT Sat Jun 13 2026

Valid 131300Z - 141200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
OF THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND LOWER MISSOURI VALLEY...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely today and tonight across
parts of the central and southern Plains to Missouri Valley and
Middle Mississippi Valley. Swaths of damaging wind gusts, large
hail, and a few tornadoes are all possible.

...Central/Southern Plains to Middle Mississippi Valley...

An active severe-weather day is anticipated with multiple rounds of
severe storms expected regionally today into tonight. Near the nose
of a southwesterly low-level jet, an initial early day severe risk
will focus across southeast Nebraska, where elevated/increasingly
organized storms are ongoing just after dawn, into southern Iowa and
northern Missouri. Large hail will remain possible, but the
potential for damaging winds may increase relatively early today as
storms spread east-southeastward.

Meanwhile, a more complex scenario exists farther south,
attributable to persistent predawn storms across the Ozarks, as well
as a decayed convective cluster and one or more residual MCVs across
Oklahoma and far southeast Kansas. These MCVs, as they focus deeper
convection along modifying outflow/differential heating zones,
should inspire renewed deeper convective development this afternoon
across parts of the Ozarks toward the Mid-South/middle Mississippi
Valley. This includes the potential for some supercells and
organizing clusters, with damaging winds and some hail as the
primary hazards through evening.

Farther west and later in the day, strong diurnal heating/steepening
low-level lapse rates preceding the surface low will result in
scattered thunderstorm development near/ahead of the
southeast-moving cold front, with the most intense development
likely favoring where the front intercepts the west-southwest
periphery of early day storms and any residual cloud cover/modifying
outflow. This will likely include central/eastern Kansas and
possibly far southeast Nebraska into western/northern Missouri.

Steep mid-level lapse rates atop rich boundary-layer moisture will
yield a strongly unstable air mass, which combined with around 40 kt
of effective shear, will support initial intense semi-discrete
supercells as then organizing clusters. All hazards seem likely
including large hail, with damaging winds potentially evolving as
the most prominent risk this evening, potentially including some
significant (75+ mph) wind gusts. The potential for tornadoes will
also exist, particularly late afternoon into evening as the
low-level jet increases, with modifying outflow potentially another
factor across west/southwest Missouri and possibly far eastern
Kansas and vicinity.

...Carolinas/Coastal Southeast...

Ample heating within a moist environment south of a front will lead
to moderately strong diurnal destabilization, with convective
development aided by the front and coastal sea breeze. Some
pulse-type locally severe storms capable of downbursts/wind damage
may occur this afternoon through around sunset.

..Guyer/Broyles.. 06/13/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 231252
SWODY1
SPC AC 231250

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0750 AM CDT Tue Jun 23 2026

Valid 231300Z - 241200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA AND EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms capable of producing 2+ inch diameter hail, 75+
mph gusts, and isolated tornadoes are expected from the central High
Plains into parts of the southern Plains today into tonight.
Scattered damaging winds should also occur with thunderstorms across
southeast Virginia and eastern North Carolina.

...Southern Plains...

Mainly elevated thunderstorms are occurring across western/southwest
KS into northwest OK this morning, aided by a 20-25 kt southerly
low-level jet and attendant warm/moist advection. This convection
may tend to remain elevated for at least the next couple of hours,
as a surface front remains draped near the Red River vicinity.
However, there is substantial low-level moisture present across the
TX Panhandle into western OK along/south of the ongoing
thunderstorms (upper 60s to low 70s surface dewpoints). Steep
mid-level lapse rates atop this moist airmass is supporting MUCAPE
up to 3000-4000 J/kg. Strongly veering and modestly strengthening
winds with height through mid/upper levels is fostering upwards of
40-50 kt of effective bulk shear per recent RAP forecast soundings
and latest mesoanalysis estimates. This activity will likely
continue to pose a threat for mainly large hail this morning so long
as the mode remains supercellular.

With time, mergers/outflow interactions should foster some
clustering/upscale growth into the afternoon. There is some
potential for a more concentrated corridor of severe/damaging winds
to spread southward this afternoon and evening across parts of the
TX Panhandle into western/central OK with one or more intense
clusters that form. Isolated significant gusts to 75-85 mph gusts
appear possible given an already very moist/unstable airmass that
will undergo additional destabilization with daytime heating.
Strongly considered increasing wind probabilities and introducing an
Enhanced Risk for this area. But, ongoing morning convection casts a
little too much uncertainty to upgrade with this outlook update.

...Central High Plains...

Thunderstorms ongoing across western NE this morning on the northern
periphery of the low-level jet and related moisture plume have
recently weakened. Still, this convection may continue to pose an
isolated severe hail/wind risk for as long as it can persist. But,
additional weakening is expected later this morning as it encounters
a less unstable airmass. Otherwise, westerly mid-level flow and weak
forcing will persist over the central High Plains today. Weak
low-level upslope flow and a small-scale mid-level perturbation
embedded within the westerly flow aloft should encourage at least
isolated convective development across southeast WY into eastern CO
by early/mid evening.

Model trends suggest that robust convective initiation may be
delayed until 00Z or perhaps even later (04-06Z). Still, a
conditionally favorable environment for very large hail will exist
across the central High Plains this afternoon into tonight. Any
thunderstorms that can develop will likely become severe given
strong deep-layer shear, the presence of steep mid-level lapse
rates, and moderate to locally strong instability. Have maintained
the Enhanced Risk for large to very large hail, but lower confidence
exists for a swath of severe/damaging winds given the probable late
timing of convection and tendency for this activity to remain
discrete. Even though low-level flow and shear will remain modest
this evening across the central High Plains, a tornado may still
occur with any sustained supercell.

...Southeast Virginia/Eastern North Carolina...

Within large-scale upper troughing over the eastern CONUS/Canada, an
embedded mid-level shortwave trough will move eastward today across
the Carolinas and southern Mid-Atlantic. At the surface, a cold
front will also develop eastward across these areas through the
afternoon. Current expectations are for thunderstorms to develop by
late morning/early afternoon along and ahead of the front. While
lapse rates aloft will remain poor, sufficient instability will
exist with daytime heating to support surface-based convection. A
generally linear/cluster mode is anticipated given the frontal
forcing, with modestly enhanced low/mid-level flow and related shear
supporting thunderstorm organization. Scattered damaging winds
appear to be the main threat with this activity as it spreads
eastward through the afternoon, with the greatest concentration
forecast across parts of southeast VA and eastern NC. A brief
tornado or two may also occur with embedded mesocirculations in the line.

...Northern Plains/Upper Midwest...

A closed mid-level low over south-central Canada this morning will
move slowly eastward today. A belt of enhanced (40-50 kt) westerly
mid-level winds will overspread parts of the northern Plains and
Upper Midwest to the south of this low. At the surface, a cold front
in the process of occluding is located over the Dakotas.
Thunderstorms should develop this afternoon along/east of this
boundary across parts of the eastern Dakotas into western MN. Given
sufficient deep-layer shear and instability, some of this activity
may pose an isolated severe hail/wind risk, along with a tornado or
two. Modest instability should keep the overall severe risk fairly isolated/marginal.

..Gleason/Jewell.. 06/23/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 241257
SWODY1
SPC AC 241255

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0755 AM CDT Wed Jun 24 2026

Valid 241300Z - 251200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
UTAH AND PORTIONS OF WISCONSIN INTO NORTHERN ILLINOIS...

...SUMMARY...
Widely scattered but intense severe thunderstorms should occur this
afternoon and evening across parts of the central High Plains, with
a threat for large to very large hail, severe wind gusts, and
perhaps a couple of tornadoes all possible.

...Central/Southern High Plains...

Post-frontal low-level moisture will remain over the central High
Plains today. As daytime heating occurs and low-level clouds present
this morning gradually erode, 2000-3000 J/kg of MLCAPE should
develop by mid to late afternoon in a narrow corridor across
northeast CO into southeast WY. This instability will also be aided
by the presence of steep mid-level lapse rates. Thunderstorms should
eventually develop this afternoon across much the region as strong
mid-level west-northwesterly flow associated with a shortwave trough
over the northern Plains overspreads the central Rockies/High
Plains. The highest convective coverage is anticipated from south-central/southeast WY into northeast/east-central CO, where
buoyancy should be maximized. Deep-layer shear will be rather
strong, with values up to 50-60 kt. These conditions will support
the potential for intense supercells capable of large to very large
hail (isolated 2-4 inches in diameter possible). Notable low-level
curvature of the hodograph could support a tornado or two in this
region as well. Eventual upscale growth into a southeastward-moving
MCS capable of producing severe winds is probable into eastern
CO/western KS this evening, with some 75+ mph gusts possible.

Lower thunderstorm coverage is anticipated farther south into the
southern High Plains, with warmer temperatures and higher cloud
bases suggesting a predominantly outflow-dominant mode. Strong to
severe gusts will be the primary risk, although isolated hail may
also occur.

...Upper Midwest...

A belt of 40-50 kt westerly mid-level flow will overspread WI and
vicinity today as a weak shortwave trough moves across the Upper
Midwest and Great Lakes through the period. Extensive cloudiness is
prevalent across WI this morning, which will delay daytime heating
to some extent. But, seasonably cool temperatures aloft will aid up
to around 1000-1500 J/kg of MLCAPE through peak afternoon heating
along/ahead of a weak cold front. Current expectations are for
scattered to numerous thunderstorms to develop this afternoon with
moderate to locally strong deep-layer shear providing support for
updraft organization. A mix of multicells and supercells should pose
a threat for severe hail and damaging winds as they spread
east-southeastward through the afternoon and evening before
eventually weakening. Enough confidence exists in this scenario
occurring to include greater severe hail probabilities and a
corresponding Slight Risk.

...Great Basin/Four Corners...

Current surface observations indicate rather dry conditions across
the Great Basin/Four Corners regions this morning. Still, greater
low/mid-level moisture is forecast to advect northeastward through
the day as a weak mid-level shortwave trough advances
east-northeastward from the lower CO River Valley across the Great
Basin. The boundary layer is expected to become very well mixed with
strong daytime heating that will occur this afternoon, with weak
instability present. Modestly enhanced mid-level flow will aid in
northeastward thunderstorm motions, and some potential exists for
strong/gusty outflow winds across a large area this afternoon and
early evening. Have maintained the Slight Risk for severe winds
across parts of UT with no changes, as this area still appears to
have the best overlap of low-level moisture/instability and
scattered to numerous thunderstorm coverage.

...Southern Plains into the Lower Mississippi Valley...

Mainly elevated thunderstorms are ongoing this morning across
northern OK/southern KS, likely aided by weak low-level warm
advection. Recent radar imagery suggests this activity may be
acquiring an MCV circulation. This feature should track
southeastward towards the ArkLaTex through the day, generally along
and north of a surface front stalled near the Red River. Eventual re-strengthening of convection may occur, even though deep-layer
flow and related shear should remain rather modest. Isolated hail
and damaging winds may occur with the strongest cores that form, but
the potential for a more organized bowing complex is uncertain.
Farther south into the lower MS Valley, additional thunderstorms may
form this afternoon ahead of the ongoing convection in northern LA
in a moderately to strongly unstable airmass. While flow through the troposphere is expected to remain fairly modest with southward
extent across this region, some loosely organized clusters could
pose an isolated threat for damaging winds as they spread towards
the central Gulf Coast through the early evening.

...Florida...

Morning visible satellite imagery shows mostly clear skies across
the FL Peninsula. A moist low-level airmass with surface dewpoints
in the low to mid 70s is in place along/south of a front draped
across north FL. While low/mid-level winds will remain weak today,
cool mid-level temperatures and ample daytime heating will support
the development of moderate to locally strong instability this
afternoon. Scattered to numerous pulse-type thunderstorms are
expected to develop across the interior FL Peninsula and Atlantic
Coast sea breeze, with occasional damaging winds possible given
steepened low-level lapse rates.

..Gleason/Jewell.. 06/24/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 271202
SWODY1
SPC AC 271200

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0700 AM CDT Sat Jun 27 2026

Valid 271300Z - 281200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS LATE THIS
AFTERNOON INTO EARLY TONIGHT ACROSS EASTERN MT AND WESTERN ND...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS INTO WESTERN SOUTH
DAKOTA AND NEBRASKA...AND ACROSS NORTH CAROLINA...

...SUMMARY...
A mix of initial supercells and later storm clusters will produce
swaths of severe outflow winds and very large hail across the
northern High Plains late this afternoon into early tonight.

...Northern High Plains this afternoon into tonight...

Water-vapor imagery this morning shows a mid- to upper-level low
over the Vancouver/Washington coast with a large-scale trough
enveloping much of the West. Strong cyclonic 500-mb flow will
extend through the base of the trough and into parts of the northern
High Plains later today coincident with the ejection of a lead
disturbance into the western Dakotas. Boundary-layer dewpoints in
the 60s will continue to spread northward from KS/NE to the Dakotas,
east of a deep lee trough/cyclone across the central/northern High
Plains. The moistening will occur beneath a plume of steep midlevel
lapse rates emanating from the Great Basin and north-central Rockies.

Morning showers and thunderstorms over parts of this region will
move downstream and away from where strong to severe thunderstorm
development is expected later this afternoon, along both the
surface trough/lee cyclone near the MT/ND border and near the Big
Horn Mountains. Some of the stronger initial storms will likely be supercellular owing to moderate to large CAPE. The risk for large
to very large hail (2-3 inches in diameter) is greatest near the
ND/MT border where supercells are forecast early in the convective
life cycle. A couple of tornadoes are also possible but relatively
large temperature-dewpoint spreads and a transition to upscale
growth may temper the tornado threat. As more storms develop
leading to storm mergers and coalescing outflow, a linear cluster
may potentially develop into a bow echo across western ND this
evening. The NSSL-WRF and some recent HRRR time-lagged solutions
imply this scenario but uncertainty remains due to appreciable model
spread. Nonetheless, the very unstable airmass over western ND
combined with a supercell to linear cluster transition in the
presence of steep low to mid-level lapse rates, lends confidence in highlighting a corridor over western ND in a level 2 intensity
(locally 80-100 mph gusts). More isolated supercells will also be
possible farther south into western SD/NE where isolated very large
hail and significant severe outflow gusts will be possible.

...TN/southern KY to NC this afternoon...

A series of MCVs in a corridor from south-central KS into MO and
east near the WV/VA border will provide a focus for additional
thunderstorm activity through the day. In areas void of morning showers/thunderstorms, a very moist boundary layer featuring lower
to mid 70s F surface dewpoints will gradually heat and destabilize
through the mid afternoon. Some enhancement of midlevel flow in
proximity to the MCVs may aid in storm organization primarily in the
form of multicellular clusters. Isolated to widely scattered wind
damage will be the primary risk with this activity, but an isolated
tornado may also occur in the warm advection zone with enhanced
low-level hodograph curvature across TN on the southwest flank of
the western MCV, though confidence in this scenario remains low.

...TX Panhandle into west TX late this afternoon/evening...

Though forcing for ascent will be weak at best this far south,
strong surface heating/mixing along the lee trough/dryline could
support high-based thunderstorm development late this afternoon.
Inverted-V profiles will favor the potential for isolated severe
outflow gusts of 60-75 mph.

..Smith/Jewell.. 06/27/2026

$$
--- SBBSecho 3.28-Linux
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 291224
SWODY1
SPC AC 291222

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0722 AM CDT Mon Jun 29 2026

Valid 291300Z - 301200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
SOUTH DAKOTA INTO NORTHWEST MINNESOTA...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms capable of an intense swath of severe wind
gusts are likely across northeast South Dakota into northwest
Minnesota through midday. Later today, severe thunderstorms are
possible from parts of the northern Plains into the Upper Midwest.
Large hail and severe winds are the primary concerns, though a
couple of tornadoes may also occur.

...Dakotas/Mid-Missouri Valley/Upper Midwest...
Water-vapor imagery this morning shows a mid-level shortwave trough
over the central Rockies. This upper disturbance will acquire a
negative tilt and move into the central Dakotas by early evening. A
surface low over the north-central Plains will develop northward
into eastern ND by 00z as a warm front advances northward across much of MN.

Through midday, an intense supercell over northeast SD will continue
to move quickly northeastward through parts of the eastern Dakotas
this morning and into northwest MN. Recent CAM model guidance
(i.e., time-lagged HRRR) has been remarkably consistent in showing
the evolution of the SD thunderstorm complex into northern MN today.
Have upgraded to an Enhanced Risk downstream of this extremely
intense supercell evolving into a bow within a focused mesoscale
corridor. Please refer to MCD #1376 for short-term forecast details.

Later this afternoon, a very moist airmass will become very unstable
over parts of the Upper Midwest. Isolated to scattered
thunderstorms are forecast by late afternoon as large-scale ascent
associated with the approaching upper wave overspreads the region.
Ample deep-layer shear coupled with the large buoyancy will favor
supercells. Large to very large hail, a couple of tornadoes, and
severe gusts will be possible with this surface-based activity.
Towards the early evening, additional storms are likely to develop
farther east over MN with a hail/wind threat likely persisting
through the evening.

...Kansas/Oklahoma/Texas...
Isolated high-based thunderstorms are possible near the dryline.
Moderate instability is expected within this region with generally
weak deep layer shear. Strong evaporatively cooled downdrafts will
be capable of severe gusts with the more intense cores.

..Smith/Jewell.. 06/29/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 011237
SWODY1
SPC AC 011235

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0735 AM CDT Wed Jul 01 2026

Valid 011300Z - 021200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
OF THE MIDWEST INTO THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS AND THE NORTHEAST...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered severe thunderstorms are forecast across the Upper
Midwest/Great Lakes today and tonight. A couple of tornadoes are
possible but damaging wind gusts are expected to be the more
widespread hazard, in addition to isolated large to very large hail.
Additional severe storms are possible across parts of the central
High Plains and Northeast.

...Midwest and Upper Great Lakes ...
Showers and thunderstorms this morning are moving east over the
Upper Midwest and are associated with a couple of MCVs over
northwest IA and the SD-MN border. The ongoing strong to locally
severe thunderstorm activity is situated in the vicinity of a
west-east oriented frontal zone draped from MN east across WI and
into the U.P. of MI. (see MCD #1413 for short-term details). The
airmass south of the boundary is very moist with lower to mid 70s F
surface dewpoints.

The Sioux Falls, SD (KFSD), Minneapolis, MN (KMPX), and the La
Crosse, WI (KARX) VAD this morning are sampling a belt of strong
southwesterly mid- to high-level flow (50+ kt in the 5-9km ARL
layer). KARX has recently sensed an intensification of flow in the
3-6 km layer, which may influence the threat for wind damage/large
hail beyond an isolated basis and beginning as early as late
morning. Furthermore, it seems the strengthening of flow as
depicted in some model guidance (upwards of 40-45 kt at 700 mb) may
be of consequence for organizing multicells but also supercells
during the day. The details concerning the tornado risk remain
unclear and will likely remain mesoscale dependent and related to
the persistence of morning convection and the airmass recovery, but
it seems plausible the threat for supercell tornadoes would perhaps
focus over WI and possibly extend into southern MN/northern IA this
afternoon in wake of this morning's WAA-driven activity. Large to
very large hail will be possible with the more intense storms in
addition to wind, which may become more prevalent of a hazard (60-75
mph) as storm mergers lead to a couple of strong to severe clusters
developing.

...Central and southern High Plains...
High-based thunderstorm development is expected along a
north/south-oriented lee trough/dryline during the afternoon and
evening. Despite modest deep-layer shear (around 25-30 kt), steep low/mid-level lapse rates will contribute to a strongly unstable
airmass. A mix of loosely organized clusters and possibly some
supercell structures will be capable of producing severe wind gusts
and large hail. Farther south, weaker flow will limit overall storm organization, but steep lapse rates will support severe gusts with
the more intense downdrafts.

...Northeast...
Enhanced west-northwesterly midlevel flow will persist across the
Northeast, where a warm/moist air mass will contribute to around
3000 J/kg MLCAPE. While nebulous mesoscale forcing for ascent casts uncertainty on overall convective coverage and evolution, the strong
buoyancy and a veering wind profile (albeit modest deep-layer shear)
will favor east-southeastward-spreading convection capable of
damaging wind gusts and isolated hail during the afternoon and again
during the evening/nighttime hours.

...Southeast...
Along the southern periphery of a midlevel anticyclone centered over
the central Appalachians, weak easterly flow through much of the
troposphere will overspread a hot/moist air mass with 3000-4000 J/kg
MLCAPE during the afternoon. Strong to severe pulse thunderstorms
are forecast. The stronger water-loaded wet microbursts will yield
localized gusts of 50-65 mph and be capable of wind damage.

...MT into the northern Great Basin...
Isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are expected ahead of a
slow-moving midlevel trough moving across the Northwest. Preceding
the trough, around 40 kt of midlevel southwesterly flow and a weakly
unstable air mass will support a couple loosely organized clusters
capable of producing severe wind gusts during the afternoon and
evening. Have extended low-severe probabilities farther south into
ID/NV/UT where inverted-V profiles will support isolated severe gusts.

..Smith/Dean.. 07/01/2026
$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 021245
SWODY1
SPC AC 021243

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0743 AM CDT Thu Jul 02 2026

Valid 021300Z - 031200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
THE UPPER MIDWEST...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE DAKOTAS
INTO THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES AND OVER THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS AND
TENNESSEE VALLEY...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered to numerous severe storms will be possible from the
northern Plains into the Midwest and Great Lakes regions today into
tonight, as well as across the southern Appalachians and Tennessee
Valley this afternoon and early evening.

...Northern High Plains into the Great Lakes and Midwest...
A belt of moderate southwesterly flow will extend across the
north-central states through the period. A few ongoing clusters of showers/thunderstorms extend along residual outflow from WI to along
the MN-IA border vicinity. Farther west, a weak low analyzed near
the Black Hills and associated lee trough will aid in maintaining
southerly flow to the south of a residual frontal zone draped over
SD east-northeastward to near Lake Superior.

Some isolated severe risk may continue this morning with a small
cluster along the Dakotas border primarily to the north of the
front. Heating of a seasonably moist airmass (60s deg F north and
70s across eastern NE into IA) will contribute to moderate to strong instability by late afternoon. Afternoon thunderstorm development
is expected near the surface low and in the vicinity of the surface boundary/residual outflow across the Dakotas. Forecast model data
indicates deep-layer shear around 40-45 kts which will support
initial supercells capable of large to very large hail and severe
gusts. As additional storms develop and cold pools merge and result
in a few clusters evolving with time, the wind threat will likely
increase with stronger gusts associated with bowing segments. This
activity will likely persist well into the evening with some
lingering severe potentially into the overnight over the MN-IA
vicinity late.

...Southern Appalachians into the Tennessee/Ohio Valleys...
A seasonably moist boundary layer is evident in surface observations
(lower 70s F surface dewpoints) this morning. Relatively cool
500-mb temperatures around -9 deg C (reference the 12 UTC Nashville,
TN raob) and strong heating will result in fairly steep lapse rates
across this region by early to mid afternoon. Scattered
thunderstorms are likely and a few stronger clusters will probably
evolve within a weak easterly flow regime to the southwest of an
mid-level anticyclone centered over southwest VA. The steepened 0-2
km lapse rates and high PW (1.5-1.75 inches) will support wet
microbursts capable of strong to severe gusts (locally 60-70 mph)
with the more intense water-loaded downdrafts. Modifying the
Nashville raob for forecast afternoon high temperatures in the upper
90s deg F yields extreme MLCAPE (4000+ J/kg). Due to the magnitude
of buoyancy, have highlighted higher probabilities to account for
increased confidence in a wet microburst threat. Isolated hail may
also accompany the more intense updrafts. This activity will
probably coalesce into a few clusters that gradually weaken during
the evening as the wind-damage threat subsides.

...Central High Plains...
Isolated thunderstorms are expected to develop within the lee trough
across the central High Plains this afternoon. Moderate instability overlapping with around 25-30 kts of deep-layer shear will support
potential for a mix of supercells and multicell clusters. Steep
low- to mid-level lapse rates and large temperature/dew point
spreads will support potential for severe gusts. Initial supercells
will pose potential for large hail.

...Northeast...
Northeasterly flow within the northern periphery of the eastern
ridge will allow for thunderstorm activity to track southward out of Quebec/Ontario across portions of the Northeast this afternoon.
Uncertainty remains regarding details of convective evolution and
potential corridors of greater threat. Nonetheless, moderate to
strong instability and 30-40 kt of deep-layer shear will support
storm organization, with damaging gusts being the primary hazard
with the stronger storms.

..Smith/Dean.. 07/02/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 031231
SWODY1
SPC AC 031229

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0729 AM CDT Fri Jul 03 2026

Valid 031300Z - 041200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
NEBRASKA INTO WESTERN IOWA...

...SUMMARY...
Scattered wind damage and large hail are expected from parts of
Nebraska into Iowa today. Isolated to scattered severe storms are
also possible extending eastward from the northern/central Plains
into the Midwest, Tennessee Valley, and Mid-Atlantic.

...Northern/Central Plains into the Mid MS Valley...
Several convective clusters are ongoing across the region this
morning, including one over western NE/northwest KS, another over
SD, and another over IA/southern MN. Evolution of these clusters and
their respective outflows will likely play a role in the location,
timing, and intensity of thunderstorms later this afternoon and
evening. Currently the outflow from the southern MN/IA cluster arcs
from east-central IA back southwestward through extreme southwest IA
and far southeast NE before intersecting the outflow from the
western NE/northwest KS cluster (which continues into northwest KS).
Much of the guidance suggests airmass recovery occurs north of this
outflow. Precipitation and associated cloud cover are currently in
place over western/central NE, but this cluster and its cloud cover
are quickly eroding from the west, matching trends within the
guidance and suggesting that there should be sufficient time for
airmass recovery across NE.

Strong to very strong buoyancy is anticipated south of the remnant
outflow boundary, fostered by temperatures in the upper 80s/low 90s
and dewpoints in the upper 60s (perhaps even the low 70s).
Thunderstorm development is forecast along this boundary, with the
initial, more cellular storms capable of large to isolated very
large hail. Strong downbursts are possible as well.

Late afternoon thunderstorm development is possible farther west
from western SD into the NE Panhandle as well, fostered by a
combination of low-level convergence and modest large-scale forcing
for ascent. Less buoyancy is forecast here versus farther east, but
it will still be sufficient for robust updrafts, particularly across
NE where moist easterly low-level flow is anticipated. Moderate
vertical shear will likely support an initial supercell mode, with
large to very large hail and damaging gusts possible. A brief
tornado is also possible.

Eventual upscale growth into one or more bowing clusters is expected
towards the evening, especially as the low-level jet increases in
the evening. Potential will also increase for a few significant
gusts of 75+ mph, particularly from eastern Nebraska into western Iowa.

...Lower Great Lakes/Northern Ohio Valley into the northern Mid-Atlantic...
A pair of convectively augmented vorticity maxima, one over IA and
the other entering southern Lower MI, are forecast to progress
eastward within the moderate westerly flow aloft extending across
the region. Very warm and moist low-levels will support airmass
destabilization ahead of these vorticity maxima, resulting in
afternoon thunderstorms. Deep layer shear will be relatively weak
but the moderately unstable and moist air mass will still support
the potential for a few strong/severe clusters capable of damaging
wind gusts.

...Western KS into OK/TX Panhandles...
Isolated supercell development will be possible near the dry line
forecast to extend from western Kansas into the Oklahoma/Texas
Panhandle. Forcing will be weak in this region, but moderate
buoyancy and vertical shear could result in a few instances of large
hail and severe wind gusts.

...TN Valley and northern GA...
Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected across portions
of the Tennessee Valley into northern Georgia this afternoon. Flow
across the region will be weak but a very moist and unstable airmass
amid steep low to mid-level lapse rates will support potential for
wet downbursts.

..Mosier/Dean.. 07/03/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 040602
SWODY1
SPC AC 040600

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0100 AM CDT Sat Jul 04 2026

Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS...

...SUMMARY...
Clusters of storms will move across parts of the Allegheny Plateau
into Mid Atlantic, with potential for widespread damaging wind.
Additional thunderstorms are expected across the Great Plains
Saturday afternoon and evening, posing a risk for damaging wind
gusts. Large hail is also possible across the Great Plains.

...Synopsis...
Height rises will continue across the western US, with more zonal
flow across the central US and upper-level troughing across the
Northeast and Quebec/Ontario. A modest belt of westerly flow around
30-40 kts will move through the trough in the
Northeast/Mid-Atlantic. A compact shortwave trough with enhanced
westerly flow will move through the flow across the Central Plains.

...Eastern Ohio Valley into the Mid-Atlantic...
Activity will likely be ongoing across some portion of northern PA
into northern NJ this morning. This will likely contribute to
lingering cloud cover and more muted daytime heating/recovery with
northern extent. South of the morning precipitation, strong daytime
heating and warming is expected, with temperatures climbing into the
90s to 100s F. A plume of steep mid-level lapse rates is already in
place across the region from WV into VA/MD/NJ. With daytime heating,
low-level lapse rates are expected to increase with moderate to
strong instability by the afternoon. Deep layer shear profiles will
be generally weak, with better shear to the north. Nonetheless,
several thunderstorm clusters are expected to develop across the
Blue Ridge Mountains/Shenandoah Valley moving north and eastward
though the afternoon. These will have the potential to produce
widespread damaging wind, especially if clusters can grow upscale
and develop strong cold pools.

Additional clusters are likely in the wake of morning convection
further north. Instability will be less, but sufficient deep layer
shear may support one or more clusters capable of damaging wind.

...Central/Southern Plains...
Evolution of thunderstorms across the central/southern Plains will
be dependent on evolution of morning convection across northern
Kansas. One or more MCVs may develop and drift south and eastward,
which will have impacts on the exact region that thunderstorms
redevelop by the afternoon. Guidance suggests that the corridor of
highest probability of development will be across southern Kansas
into northern Oklahoma. Within this region, widely scattered
thunderstorm activity is expected to develop by the afternoon, with
initial supercells capable of large to very large hail and perhaps a
tornado. These will eventually cluster and grow upscale, with a
likely MCS moving south into Oklahoma by the evening and an increase
in damaging wind potential.

More isolated supercell development is expected from the OK/TX
Panhandles northward into eastern CO/western KS/western NE. Deeply
mixed profiles and sufficient deep layer shear should support
potential for both large hail and damaging wind.

...Midwest into the lower Missouri Valley and western/central Ohio Valley... There is less confidence in evolution of afternoon thunderstorms
into the Missouri Valley and western/central Ohio Valley. Moderate
to strong instability will be in place with generally weak flow/deep
layer shear. Guidance suggests that several clusters of
thunderstorms may develop and spread eastward with damaging
wind/downburst potential. This will likely be focused in more
mesoscale corridors where residual outflow resides.

..Thornton/Moore.. 07/04/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 081245
SWODY1
SPC AC 081243

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0743 AM CDT Wed Jul 08 2026

Valid 081300Z - 091200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
NORTHEAST COLORADO...FAR SOUTHWEST NEBRASKA...AND NORTHWEST KANSAS...

...SUMMARY...
Thunderstorms with severe wind gusts and hail will be possible this
afternoon and evening across parts of the central Plains, and from
the Missouri Valley into the upper Mississippi Valley. Isolated
severe gusts may also occur from the northern Great Basin into the
northern High Plains and from North Carolina into southern Virginia.

...Central High Plains across the central Plains and Mid MO Valley
into the Upper Midwest...

Early-morning surface analysis reveals a cold front extending
southwestward from north-central MN to a low southeast SD, where the
front then becomes oriented more westerly across southern SD before
arcing back northwestward across northeast WY and central MT. This
front is expected to make gradual southward/southeastward progress
today, before becoming more diffuse under the influence of storm
outflow late in the period. Ample low-level moisture will be place
ahead of this front by the late afternoon, with dewpoints likely
ranging from the low/mid 60s across central NE into the upper
60s/low 70s across northern IA, southern MN, and northern WI. The
strongest buoyancy is expected from eastern NE into
western/northwestern IA, where the best overlap between the higher
surface dewpoints and the eastern extent of the steep mid-level
lapse rates exists.

Thunderstorm development is expected first from the
eastern/northeastern IA into the Upper Midwest, where convergence
along the front will be augmented by large-scale ascent attendant to
an approaching low-amplitude shortwave trough. A few stronger
updrafts are possible in this region, but more modest buoyancy
should limit updraft persistence, with a quick trend towards a more outflow-dominant storm mode. Stronger buoyancy will support more
robust updrafts from central IA western into central NE, although
modest deep-layer vertical shear should limit organization in this
area as well. Stronger updrafts could contribute to stronger
downdrafts, as well as isolated hail, with a slightly higher overall
severe potential here than areas farther northeast.

A somewhat separate regime is anticipated farther west across the
central High Plains. Here, moist, post-frontal, upslope flow will
result in moderate buoyancy across the NE Panhandle into eastern WY,
supporting airmass destabilization and late afternoon thunderstorm
development. Moderate to strong deep-layer vertical shear, resulting
from easterly low-level flow beneath moderate northwesterly flow
aloft, is anticipated over this region as well. An initially
cellular mode is likely, with some large hail possible, with fairly
quick upscale growth likely. High cloud bases atop a warm and deeply
mixed boundary layer will support strong outflow, which, when
combined with the strong deep-layer shear, could result in one or
more organized bowing segments.

These two regimes come together across south-central
NE/north-central KS overnight, amid a strengthen low-level jet, but predictability on the overall convective evolution is limited.
Seemingly some severe potential could linger across
south-central/southeast NE into north-central/northeast KS overnight.

...Northern Great Basin into the northern Rockies...
A low-amplitude shortwave trough is forecast to progress through the
northern periphery of the upper ridging in place over the Four
Corners vicinity. Mid-level moisture associated with this wave
coupled with strong heating will result in airmass destabilization
and the development of widely scattered to scattered thunderstorms.
High storm bases atop a deeply mixed boundary layer will support the
potential for damaging gusts with the stronger storms.

...North Carolina/Southern Virginia..
A very moist airmass will be in place today from the Mid-Atlantic
southward into the Carolinas. Surface dewpoints in the mid to upper
70s F will contribute to an axis of moderate to strong instability
across parts of North Carolina and southern Virginia. Isolated to
scattered thunderstorms will develop in the foothills of the
Appalachians, with the storms moving eastward into the lower
elevations during the afternoon. The instability combined with steep
low-level lapse rates will support an isolated wind-damage threat.

...Southern AZ...
Increased mid-level moisture will support thunderstorm development
across the higher terrain of eastern AZ during the afternoon.
Westward drift of the upper ridge will result in modest easterly
mid-level flow over the region, with some potential for the
thunderstorms to progress westward into the lower elevations during
the late afternoon. A few strong gusts are possible but uncertainty
regarding coverage precludes introducing any probabilities with this outlook.

..Mosier/Thornton.. 07/08/2026

$$
--- MultiMail/DOS
* Origin: Capitol City Online (618:250/10)

ACUS01 KWNS 141232
SWODY1
SPC AC 141230

Day 1 Convective Outlook
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
0730 AM CDT Tue Jul 14 2026

Valid 141300Z - 151200Z

...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
NORTHERN NEW YORK AND NEW ENGLAND...

...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF MONTANA...

...SUMMARY...
Severe thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds (isolated
75+ mph), large to very large hail, and tornadoes (some strong) are
expected today across parts of northern New York and New England.
Thunderstorms with scattered severe winds and isolated hail will
also be possible across portions of Montana.

...Northeast...
An active and potentially impactful severe weather event remains
apparent today across parts of the Northeast/northern New England.
Ongoing convection this morning now moving over the St. Lawrence
River in Quebec may tend to weaken as it approaches the
international border in the next couple of hours, as MUCAPE remains
quite weak at the moment with eastward extent into ME (reference the
12Z observed sounding from CAR). But if it persists, then an
isolated hail threat would be possible. In the wake of this
activity, an EML and strong mid/upper-level jet will overspread much
of the Northeast. Steepening lapse rates aloft combined with
filtered daytime heating and gradually increasing low-level moisture
advecting northeastward across the St. Lawrence River Valley will
all aid in the development of moderate to locally strong
instability. MLCAPE may peak in the 2000-3000 J/kg range by mid to
late afternoon across northern NY/VT/NH into western ME, generally
along/south of outflow from the morning convection. Strong mid-level
flow (around 50-60 kt) associated with a west-northwesterly
mid-level jet will foster similar values of effective bulk shear and
easily support organized updrafts, including the potential for
intense supercells.

Current expectations are for organized severe thunderstorms,
including a mix of clusters and supercells, to move southeastward
across southern Quebec by 19-22Z. The rather favorable thermodynamic
and kinematic environment across northern New England suggests a
significant threat for severe/damaging winds (some 75+ mph possible)
and large to very large hail (isolated 2+ inches) will exist with
this activity. While low-level flow will tend to remain from the west-southwest, it is forecast to strengthen through the day, and
also veer strongly to north-northwesterly with height through
mid/upper levels. The resulting effective SRH appears more than
sufficient for updraft rotation, and multiple tornadoes may occur. A
narrow corridor of greater tornado potential (including strong
tornadoes) may exist this afternoon and evening across parts of
western into central ME if supercells can be maintained. Otherwise,
one or more intense clusters will likely spread east-southeastward
towards the coast through the evening while continuing to pose a
threat for scattered to numerous damaging winds and line-embedded tornadoes.

...Montana...
A subtle mid-level shortwave trough on the western periphery of
upper ridging over the north-central CONUS will translate
northeastward through the period across the northern Rockies and
adjacent High Plains. Low-level moisture should continue to
gradually spread westward from eastern into central MT through the
day to the north of a weak surface low. The airmass from southwest
to central MT will destabilize by mid afternoon as daytime heating
occurs, and the boundary layer is forecast to become rather well-mixed.

Large-scale ascent associated with the mid-level shortwave trough
and attendant 40-50 kt mid-level jet will support convective
development across the higher terrain of southwest MT by late
afternoon. This initial activity may pose both an isolated hail and
severe wind threat given weak instability and moderate to strong
deep-layer shear. With time, this activity should tend to cluster as
it spreads into central/eastern MT through the evening and
encounters greater low-level moisture and related instability. With
steepened low to mid-level lapse rates expected, scattered
severe/damaging winds and isolated hail appear possible with this
cluster. A Slight Risk has been included for parts of central of MT
where greater confidence exists in severe gusts occurring.

...Florida Peninsula...
Even though shear will remain weak, occasional gusty winds may occur
with the stronger thunderstorms that develop this afternoon across
parts of the FL Peninsula as low-level lapse rates gradually steepen
with daytime heating.

..Gleason/Thornton.. 07/14/2026

$$
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* Origin: capitolcityonline.net * KY, USA (618:250/10)